Form of Past Perfect Simple

For irregular verbs, use the past participle form (see list of irregular verbs, 3rd column). For regular verbs, just add ed.

Exceptions in Spelling when Adding ed

Use of Past Perfect

• action taking place before a certain time in the past
  (putting emphasis only on the fact, not the duration)

  Example: Before I came here, I had spoken to Jack.

• Conditional Sentences Type III (condition that was not given in the past)

  Example: If I had seen him, I would have talked to him.

Signal Words

• already, just, never, not yet, once, until that day (with reference to the past, not the present)
• If-Satz Typ III (If I had talked, …)

Exercises on Past Perfect

• Exceptions in Spelling when Adding ed
• Positive Sentences in Past Perfect Simple
• Negative Sentences in Past Perfect Simple
• Questions in Past Perfect Simple
• Mixed Exercise in Past Perfect Simple
• Irregular Verbs